{"id":1477,"date":"2026-04-27T11:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T11:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/?page_id=1477"},"modified":"2026-04-27T11:44:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T11:44:40","slug":"tofd","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/tofd\/","title":{"rendered":"TOFD"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1477\" class=\"elementor elementor-1477\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cd64b9c e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7cd64b9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-396b0a0a elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-heading\" data-id=\"396b0a0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" ><div class=\"ekit-heading elementskit-section-title-wraper center   ekit_heading_tablet-text_center   ekit_heading_mobile-\"><h2 class=\"ekit-heading--title elementskit-section-title \">TOFD <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<div class='ekit-heading__description'>\n\t\t\t\t\t<p>TOFD is an advanced ultrasonic technique that uses diffracted sound waves from defect tips to accurately detect and size cracks.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225c2e37 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"225c2e37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6652a4e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6652a4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInLeft&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d718da7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d718da7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Understand TOFD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ceb416e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ceb416e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-257a8ef2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"257a8ef2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The TOFD technique was first applied in <strong>1985 at the Harwell Center (UK)<\/strong> in response to insistent requests to size cracks in nuclear reactor welds. The TOFD technique is a fully computerized system able to <strong>scan, store, and evaluate indications in terms of height, length, scan, store, and evaluate indications in terms of height, length, and position<\/strong> with a grade of coverage, accuracy and speed not achieved by other ultrasonic techniques.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65c49440 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"65c49440\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><strong>The TOFD technique is based on diffraction of ultrasonic energy from tips of discontinuities, instead of geometrical reflection on the interface of the discontinuities.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e43b2e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e43b2e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This phenomena makes TOFD effective for identifying cracks and lack of fusion located along the vertical axis of the weld (in particular for narrow gap preparation) or with any other orientations, because defect detection is not affected by unfavourable orientation to the primary sound energy angle<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6542256b e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6542256b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInRight&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4eaeccf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4eaeccf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where It Is Used<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49c89578 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49c89578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This inspection method is ideal for identifying defects in:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42521020 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"42521020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/pipeline-structure.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-full size-full wp-image-1357\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/pipeline-structure.png 512w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/pipeline-structure-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/pipeline-structure-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Weld Inspection in Pipelines<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Ensuring defect-free welds to maintain safe and leak-proof pipeline operations.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a4f5195 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"4a4f5195\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/power-plant.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-full size-full wp-image-1482\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/power-plant.png 512w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/power-plant-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/power-plant-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Power Plants and Refineries<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Inspecting critical components to ensure uninterrupted performance and operational safety.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ddb944f elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"5ddb944f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/nuclear-plant.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-full size-full wp-image-1483\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/nuclear-plant.png 512w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/nuclear-plant-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/nuclear-plant-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Nuclear Industry<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">High-precision testing to meet strict safety standards and prevent critical failures.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f1acde1 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"4f1acde1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/fabrication.png\" class=\"elementor-animation-grow attachment-full size-full wp-image-1484\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/fabrication.png 512w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/fabrication-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/fabrication-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Heavy Fabrication Structures<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Verifying structural integrity in large-scale fabricated components under high stress conditions.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a7f6687 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" 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M283,6c-0.1,0.1-1.9,1.1-4.8,2.5s-6.9,2.8-6.7,2.7\tc0.2,0,3.5-0.6,7.4-2.5C282.8,6.8,283.1,5.9,283,6z M31.3,11.6c0.1-0.2-1.9-0.2-4.5-1.2s-5.4-1.6-7.8-2C15,7.6,7.3,8.5,7.7,8.6\tC8,8.7,15.9,8.3,20.2,9.3c2.2,0.5,2.4,0.5,5.7,1.6S31.2,11.9,31.3,11.6z M73,9.2c0.4-0.1,3.5-1.6,8.4-2.6c4.9-1.1,8.9-0.5,8.9-0.8\tc0-0.3-1-0.9-6.2-0.3S72.6,9.3,73,9.2z M71.6,6.7C71.8,6.8,75,5.4,77.3,5c2.3-0.3,1.9-0.5,1.9-0.6c0-0.1-1.1-0.2-2.7,0.2\tC74.8,5.1,71.4,6.6,71.6,6.7z M93.6,4.4c0.1,0.2,3.5,0.8,5.6,1.8c2.1,1,1.8,0.6,1.9,0.5c0.1-0.1-0.8-0.8-2.4-1.3\tC97.1,4.8,93.5,4.2,93.6,4.4z M65.4,11.1c-0.1,0.3,0.3,0.5,1.9-0.2s2.6-1.3,2.2-1.2s-0.9,0.4-2.5,0.8C65.3,10.9,65.5,10.8,65.4,11.1\tz M34.5,12.4c-0.2,0,2.1,0.8,3.3,0.9c1.2,0.1,2,0.1,2-0.2c0-0.3-0.1-0.5-1.6-0.4C36.6,12.8,34.7,12.4,34.5,12.4z M152.2,21.1\tc-0.1,0.1-2.4-0.3-7.5-0.3c-5,0-13.6-2.4-17.2-3.5c-3.6-1.1,10,3.9,16.5,4.1C150.5,21.6,152.3,21,152.2,21.1z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M269.6,18c-0.1-0.1-4.6,0.3-7.2,0c-7.3-0.7-17-3.2-16.6-2.9c0.4,0.3,13.7,3.1,17,3.3\tC267.7,18.8,269.7,18,269.6,18z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M227.4,9.8c-0.2-0.1-4.5-1-9.5-1.2c-5-0.2-12.7,0.6-12.3,0.5c0.3-0.1,5.9-1.8,13.3-1.2\tS227.6,9.9,227.4,9.8z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M204.5,13.4c-0.1-0.1,2-1,3.2-1.1c1.2-0.1,2,0,2,0.3c0,0.3-0.1,0.5-1.6,0.4\tC206.4,12.9,204.6,13.5,204.5,13.4z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M201,10.6c0-0.1-4.4,1.2-6.3,2.2c-1.9,0.9-6.2,3.1-6.1,3.1c0.1,0.1,4.2-1.6,6.3-2.6\tS201,10.7,201,10.6z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M154.5,26.7c-0.1-0.1-4.6,0.3-7.2,0c-7.3-0.7-17-3.2-16.6-2.9c0.4,0.3,13.7,3.1,17,3.3\tC152.6,27.5,154.6,26.8,154.5,26.7z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M41.9,19.3c0,0,1.2-0.3,2.9-0.1c1.7,0.2,5.8,0.9,8.2,0.7c4.2-0.4,7.4-2.7,7-2.6\tc-0.4,0-4.3,2.2-8.6,1.9c-1.8-0.1-5.1-0.5-6.7-0.4S41.9,19.3,41.9,19.3z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M75.5,12.6c0.2,0.1,2-0.8,4.3-1.1c2.3-0.2,2.1-0.3,2.1-0.5c0-0.1-1.8-0.4-3.4,0\tC76.9,11.5,75.3,12.5,75.5,12.6z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M15.6,13.2c0-0.1,4.3,0,6.7,0.5c2.4,0.5,5,1.9,5,2c0,0.1-2.7-0.8-5.1-1.4\tC19.9,13.7,15.7,13.3,15.6,13.2z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c8d2abe e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c8d2abe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c063ae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1c063ae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Inspection Process<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-673d691a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"673d691a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The inspection process follows a systematic step-by-step approach to ensure <br \/>accurate detection of even the smallest surface defects.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-611080ed e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"611080ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20e4abf1 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"20e4abf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Surface Preparation<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Cleaning the surface to remove dirt, oil, or contaminants<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3bd096f9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"3bd096f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Probe Setup &amp; Calibration<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Positioning TOFD probes on either side of the weld and calibrating equipment as per standards.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-836e0d8 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"836e0d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Couplant Application<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Applying couplant to enable efficient transmission of ultrasonic waves into the material.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-189e20b elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"189e20b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Scanning Process<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves across the component to capture diffracted signals from defect tips.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-782889c8 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"782889c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Data Acquisition<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Recording real-time signals and generating detailed images of internal structures and discontinuities.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16ec1ca9 elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"16ec1ca9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;zoomIn&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">Analysis &amp; Reporting<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Evaluating defect size, position, and depth with high accuracy and preparing comprehensive inspection reports.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-662dc557 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"662dc557\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d20963\" data-id=\"6d20963\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d669f97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6d669f97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/tofd2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1505\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/tofd2.jpg 700w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/tofd2-175x300.jpg 175w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/tofd2-597x1024.jpg 597w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2715fee1\" data-id=\"2715fee1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d37e40c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2d37e40c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/TOFDtest.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-1497\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/TOFDtest.jpg 700w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/TOFDtest-175x300.jpg 175w, https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/TOFDtest-597x1024.jpg 597w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7d44af48\" data-id=\"7d44af48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-572aa3f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"572aa3f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Where It Is Applied (Application)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de82cd7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5de82cd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6402046 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6402046\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Crack sizing and evaluation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Weld defect inspection<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Replacement of radiography in some cases<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Inspection of planar defects<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-448aa098 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"448aa098\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Benefits<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29a2dcab elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"29a2dcab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f31b2b7 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6f31b2b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Highly accurate defect sizing<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Faster than conventional UT methods<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Less dependent on defect orientation<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-check\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M173.898 439.404l-166.4-166.4c-9.997-9.997-9.997-26.206 0-36.204l36.203-36.204c9.997-9.998 26.207-9.998 36.204 0L192 312.69 432.095 72.596c9.997-9.997 26.207-9.997 36.204 0l36.203 36.204c9.997 9.997 9.997 26.206 0 36.204l-294.4 294.401c-9.998 9.997-26.207 9.997-36.204-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Digital data recording and analysis<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-14b7f05d elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"14b7f05d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46866e92\" data-id=\"46866e92\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5a84ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a5a84ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Principle of TOFD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3e781a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c3e781a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7c5b47ae\" data-id=\"7c5b47ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7394c791 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7394c791\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Four different types of waves are involved in the construction of a TOFD image:<\/strong> longitudinal wave generated by the transmitter and partially transformed in spherical wave when the beam crosses the tip of a defect the lateral wave that propagates near the surface between the two transducers .The longitudinal wave reflected by the backwall . The shear waves generated by the mode conversion L\/T on the interface of discontinuities<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-553efd02 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no\" data-id=\"553efd02\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_bottom&quot;:&quot;opacity-tilt&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 2600 131.1\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M0 0L2600 0 2600 69.1 0 0z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.5\" d=\"M0 0L2600 0 2600 69.1 0 69.1z\"\/>\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" style=\"opacity:0.25\" d=\"M2600 0L0 0 0 130.1 2600 69.1z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5abe5efc\" data-id=\"5abe5efc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f01a990 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4f01a990\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c08c54 e-grid e-con-full wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-column-slider-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6c08c54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a56becc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a56becc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pinpoint Critical Cracks with Ultimate Accuracy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44d3117b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"44d3117b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-right\" viewBox=\"0 0 256 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Request a Consultation Now<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TOFD TOFD is an advanced ultrasonic technique that uses diffracted sound waves from defect tips to accurately detect and size cracks. Understand TOFD TOFD (Time of Flight Diffraction) The TOFD technique was first applied in 1985 at the Harwell Center (UK) in response to insistent requests to size cracks in nuclear reactor welds. The TOFD technique is a fully computerized system able to scan, store, and evaluate indications in terms of height, length, scan, store, and evaluate indications in terms of height, length, and position with a grade of coverage, accuracy and speed not achieved by other ultrasonic techniques. The TOFD technique is based on diffraction of ultrasonic energy from tips of discontinuities, instead of geometrical reflection on the interface of the discontinuities. This phenomena makes TOFD effective for identifying cracks and lack of fusion located along the vertical axis of the weld (in particular for narrow gap preparation) or with any other orientations, because defect detection is not affected by unfavourable orientation to the primary sound energy angle Where It Is Used This inspection method is ideal for identifying defects in: Weld Inspection in Pipelines Ensuring defect-free welds to maintain safe and leak-proof pipeline operations. Power Plants and Refineries Inspecting critical components to ensure uninterrupted performance and operational safety. Nuclear Industry High-precision testing to meet strict safety standards and prevent critical failures. Heavy Fabrication Structures Verifying structural integrity in large-scale fabricated components under high stress conditions. Inspection Process The inspection process follows a systematic step-by-step approach to ensure accurate detection of even the smallest surface defects. Surface Preparation Cleaning the surface to remove dirt, oil, or contaminants Probe Setup &amp; Calibration Positioning TOFD probes on either side of the weld and calibrating equipment as per standards. Couplant Application Applying couplant to enable efficient transmission of ultrasonic waves into the material. Scanning Process Transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves across the component to capture diffracted signals from defect tips. Data Acquisition Recording real-time signals and generating detailed images of internal structures and discontinuities. Analysis &amp; Reporting Evaluating defect size, position, and depth with high accuracy and preparing comprehensive inspection reports. Where It Is Applied (Application) Crack sizing and evaluation Weld defect inspection Replacement of radiography in some cases Inspection of planar defects Key Benefits Highly accurate defect sizing Faster than conventional UT methods Less dependent on defect orientation Digital data recording and analysis Principle of TOFD Four different types of waves are involved in the construction of a TOFD image: longitudinal wave generated by the transmitter and partially transformed in spherical wave when the beam crosses the tip of a defect the lateral wave that propagates near the surface between the two transducers .The longitudinal wave reflected by the backwall . The shear waves generated by the mode conversion L\/T on the interface of discontinuities Pinpoint Critical Cracks with Ultimate Accuracy Request a Consultation Now<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1477","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1477"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1477\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1518,"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1477\/revisions\/1518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/workshop.gfxrider.net\/IRICO\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}